Daniele Fanelli of the University of Edinburgh finds that 2% to 14% of scientists have "fabricated, falsified or modified data or results at least once":
I suspect that, when all the results are in, it will also be found that global warming has an exception amount of scientific fraud.
The frequency with which scientists fabricate and falsify data, or commit other forms of scientific misconduct is a matter of controversy. Many surveys have asked scientists directly whether they have committed or know of a colleague who committed research misconduct, but their results appeared difficult to compare and synthesize. This is the first meta-analysis of these surveys. ....The problem varied by discipline with reports of misconduct appearing most frequently among "medical/pharmacological researchers."
A pooled weighted average of 1.97% (N = 7, 95%CI: 0.86–4.45) of scientists admitted to have fabricated, falsified or modified data or results at least once –a serious form of misconduct by any standard– and up to 33.7% admitted other questionable research practices. In surveys asking about the behaviour of colleagues, admission rates were 14.12% (N = 12, 95% CI: 9.91–19.72) for falsification, and up to 72% for other questionable research practices.
I suspect that, when all the results are in, it will also be found that global warming has an exception amount of scientific fraud.
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